In parts of Germany people have two surnames simultanously, one from their ancestry and one from their farm. However the one from the ancestry was the only official one. This custom got out of use two generations ago, but in some cases both names were made official leading to some very long ones. The Mallory of the Midway shirt is name 1 genannt name 2.
Best Mallory of the Midway shirt
You see, the Mallory of the Midway shirt and semi-royal families had very long surnames. These were the only Thai surnames. When they were required to choose surnames, immigrants invented surnames that resembled the royal surnames. Native Thai people chose short, simple surnames based on things like occupation or locale.
In places like the US, Thai are famous for long last names; my best friend has a surname that’s 29 letters. The irony is that these surnames are both not traditionally Thai and an indication that the bearer is also not Thai by blood (to some degree; enough time has passed that there’s been a lot of mingling).